Function Of Steering Gear Systems In Seagoing Ships

By Engr Matahula, Smart Pwashemeno Steering Gear Systems In Seagoing Ships

Steering gear systems are crucial components of seagoing ships, as they allow for the control and maneuverability of the vessel. These systems are responsible for changing the direction of the ship by altering the position of the rudder or rudders. Let’s delve into the basics of steering gear systems in seagoing ships.

1. Types of Steering Gear Systems:
   • Mechanical Systems: Traditional ships used mechanical steering gear systems, which involved a direct mechanical linkage between the steering wheel on the bridge and the rudder. This system required physical force to move the rudder and was commonly found in older vessels.
   • Hydraulic Systems: Most modern ships employ hydraulic steering gear systems. These systems use hydraulic power to move the rudder. They consist of hydraulic pumps, hydraulic cylinders, and control valves. The steering wheel controls the hydraulic pump, which pressurizes the hydraulic fluid, transmitting the force to the hydraulic cylinder and ultimately moving the rudder.
2. Components of Hydraulic Steering Gear Systems:
   • Steering Wheel: Located on the bridge, the steering wheel is the interface for the helmsman to control the direction of the ship.
   • Hydraulic Pump: The pump generates hydraulic pressure by circulating hydraulic fluid, typically oil, through the system.
   • Hydraulic Fluid: Usually mineral oil, it acts as a medium to transmit pressure and force within the hydraulic system.
   • Hydraulic Cylinder: This device converts hydraulic pressure into linear mechanical force, moving the rudder via a mechanical linkage.
   • Control Valve: The valve regulates the flow of hydraulic fluid, allowing for precise control of the rudder’s movement. It receives signals from the steering wheel or autopilot system.
   • Power Unit: It consists of the motor or engine that powers the hydraulic pump and other auxiliary equipment.
   • Emergency Steering: Ships are also equipped with emergency steering systems, such as a hand-operated steering wheel or a separate hydraulic system, to control the rudder in case of a power failure.
3. Operation and Control:
   • Manual Control: In traditional hydraulic steering gear systems, the helmsman manually controls the direction by turning the steering wheel, which transmits the desired angle to the hydraulic control valve.
   • Autopilot Control: Many modern ships have autopilot systems that can steer the ship automatically. These systems receive input from various sensors, such as gyrocompasses, GPS, and radar, to maintain a set course or follow a predefined route.
   • Redundancy and Safety: Steering gear systems are designed with redundancy and safety features to ensure reliability. Multiple hydraulic pumps, cylinders, and control systems may be employed to provide backup and fault tolerance. Regular maintenance and inspections are conducted to ensure proper operation.

It’s important to note that the specific design and configuration of steering gear systems can vary depending on the type and size of the ship. Larger vessels may have more complex systems with additional features to enhance maneuverability and safety.

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MEF, 2023